harlequin chromogenic coliform agar  (Neogen)

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Raw meat diets are a major risk factor for carriage of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant and multidrug-resistant E. coli by dogs in the UK

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1460143

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sample level data [Number ( N ) and percentage (%)] describing the overall phenotypic antimicrobial resistance demonstrated by E. coli isolated from the feces of dogs fed either a raw (RMD, N = 193) or non-raw (NRMD, N = 239) diet.

Article Snippet: A 1 g sample of each fecal sample was homogenized in 4 ml buffered peptone water (BPW) at room temperature and incubated aerobically at 35°C ± 1 for 18–20 h. Following incubation, a 5 μl loopful of the homogenate was inoculated onto plain chromogenic Harlequin E. coli /Coliform Agar (HECA) (Neogen, UK) and HECA infused with 1 μg/ml cefotaxime, a third-generation cephalosporin (HECA+Cx); all plates were incubated at 35°C ± 1 for 18–20 h. Following incubation, plates were analyzed for the presence of typical E. coli colonies (dark blue-violet colonies, 0.1–2 mm diameter).

Techniques: Isolation

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Raw meat diets are a major risk factor for carriage of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant and multidrug-resistant E. coli by dogs in the UK

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1460143

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary table of ESBL and pAmpC genes identified in E. coli isolates from RMD-fed ( N = 75 isolates) and NRMD-fed ( N = 12 isolates) via whole genome sequencing, demonstrating percentage (%) and number ( N ) of genes present within the isolates submitted for sequencing.

Article Snippet: A 1 g sample of each fecal sample was homogenized in 4 ml buffered peptone water (BPW) at room temperature and incubated aerobically at 35°C ± 1 for 18–20 h. Following incubation, a 5 μl loopful of the homogenate was inoculated onto plain chromogenic Harlequin E. coli /Coliform Agar (HECA) (Neogen, UK) and HECA infused with 1 μg/ml cefotaxime, a third-generation cephalosporin (HECA+Cx); all plates were incubated at 35°C ± 1 for 18–20 h. Following incubation, plates were analyzed for the presence of typical E. coli colonies (dark blue-violet colonies, 0.1–2 mm diameter).

Techniques: Sequencing

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Raw meat diets are a major risk factor for carriage of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant and multidrug-resistant E. coli by dogs in the UK

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1460143

Figure Lengend Snippet: Phylogenetic tree demonstrating the eBURST groups and sequence types (ST) present, and their relationships, for E. coli isolates which underwent whole genome sequencing. For the “group” column, a pink box denotes raw-fed, blue denotes non-raw-fed isolate.

Article Snippet: A 1 g sample of each fecal sample was homogenized in 4 ml buffered peptone water (BPW) at room temperature and incubated aerobically at 35°C ± 1 for 18–20 h. Following incubation, a 5 μl loopful of the homogenate was inoculated onto plain chromogenic Harlequin E. coli /Coliform Agar (HECA) (Neogen, UK) and HECA infused with 1 μg/ml cefotaxime, a third-generation cephalosporin (HECA+Cx); all plates were incubated at 35°C ± 1 for 18–20 h. Following incubation, plates were analyzed for the presence of typical E. coli colonies (dark blue-violet colonies, 0.1–2 mm diameter).

Techniques: Sequencing

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Raw meat diets are a major risk factor for carriage of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant and multidrug-resistant E. coli by dogs in the UK

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1460143

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inc group plasmids associated with sequence types (STs) and ESBL genes of interest from ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from RMD-fed ( N = 75 isolates) and NRMD-fed ( N = 12 isolates) dog feces in the present study.

Article Snippet: A 1 g sample of each fecal sample was homogenized in 4 ml buffered peptone water (BPW) at room temperature and incubated aerobically at 35°C ± 1 for 18–20 h. Following incubation, a 5 μl loopful of the homogenate was inoculated onto plain chromogenic Harlequin E. coli /Coliform Agar (HECA) (Neogen, UK) and HECA infused with 1 μg/ml cefotaxime, a third-generation cephalosporin (HECA+Cx); all plates were incubated at 35°C ± 1 for 18–20 h. Following incubation, plates were analyzed for the presence of typical E. coli colonies (dark blue-violet colonies, 0.1–2 mm diameter).

Techniques: Sequencing, Isolation

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Raw meat diets are a major risk factor for carriage of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant and multidrug-resistant E. coli by dogs in the UK

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1460143

Figure Lengend Snippet: Final multivariable regression models describing explanatory variables significantly associated with dog ( N = 432) fecal carriage of 3GCR-, ESBL-producing and MDR- E. coli in the present study.

Article Snippet: A 1 g sample of each fecal sample was homogenized in 4 ml buffered peptone water (BPW) at room temperature and incubated aerobically at 35°C ± 1 for 18–20 h. Following incubation, a 5 μl loopful of the homogenate was inoculated onto plain chromogenic Harlequin E. coli /Coliform Agar (HECA) (Neogen, UK) and HECA infused with 1 μg/ml cefotaxime, a third-generation cephalosporin (HECA+Cx); all plates were incubated at 35°C ± 1 for 18–20 h. Following incubation, plates were analyzed for the presence of typical E. coli colonies (dark blue-violet colonies, 0.1–2 mm diameter).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: An investigation of the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae in raw and cooked kibble diets for dogs in the United Kingdom

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1301841

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bacterial enumeration from RMD samples, illustrating the number of samples per brand tested, the number of samples with >5,000 CFU/g of E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae, the maximum CFU/g of E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae isolated within a sample from each brand, and the RMD ingredients within the sample associated with this count.

Article Snippet: Following incubation, a 5 μL loopful of BPW homogenate was used to inoculate one each of a chromogenic Harlequin E. coli /Coliform Agar (HECA) (Neogen, United Kingdom) and a HECA plate infused with 1 μg/mL cefotaxime (HECA+Cx), and incubated overnight at 37°C.

Techniques: Isolation

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: An investigation of the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae in raw and cooked kibble diets for dogs in the United Kingdom

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1301841

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percentage (%) and number ( N ) of RMD samples with resistance to antibiotics, an antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) phenotype, and a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype detected, and their associated component protein ingredients.

Article Snippet: Following incubation, a 5 μL loopful of BPW homogenate was used to inoculate one each of a chromogenic Harlequin E. coli /Coliform Agar (HECA) (Neogen, United Kingdom) and a HECA plate infused with 1 μg/mL cefotaxime (HECA+Cx), and incubated overnight at 37°C.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: An investigation of the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae in raw and cooked kibble diets for dogs in the United Kingdom

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1301841

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antimicrobial resistances observed among 3GCR- E. coli iisolates from RMD samples-aggregated sample level data.

Article Snippet: Following incubation, a 5 μL loopful of BPW homogenate was used to inoculate one each of a chromogenic Harlequin E. coli /Coliform Agar (HECA) (Neogen, United Kingdom) and a HECA plate infused with 1 μg/mL cefotaxime (HECA+Cx), and incubated overnight at 37°C.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: An investigation of the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae in raw and cooked kibble diets for dogs in the United Kingdom

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1301841

Figure Lengend Snippet: Food protein, sequence type, phenotypic antimicrobial resistance as determined by disk diffusion and resistance genes present for ESBL-producing/3GCR- E. coli isolates from raw food samples.

Article Snippet: Following incubation, a 5 μL loopful of BPW homogenate was used to inoculate one each of a chromogenic Harlequin E. coli /Coliform Agar (HECA) (Neogen, United Kingdom) and a HECA plate infused with 1 μg/mL cefotaxime (HECA+Cx), and incubated overnight at 37°C.

Techniques: Sequencing, Diffusion-based Assay